Art, literature & historyThe Opening of Waterloo Bridge (‘Whitehall Stairs, June 18th, 1817’)
John Constable: 1776–1837
Other names (15)
Constable, Dzhon Konstabŭl, Dzhon Konsteblʹ, J. Constable, J. Constable R.A., Jn. Constable, John Constable, John Constable, John Constable, John Constable, John Constable, John Constable R. A., Kʻang-ssŭ-tʻê-pu-êrh, R.A. Constable, R. A. John Constable
Biography
John Constable (; 11 June 1776 – 31 March 1837) was an English landscape painter in the Romantic tradition. Born in Suffolk, he is known principally for revolutionising the genre of landscape painting with his pictures of Dedham Vale, the area on the borderland of Suffolk and north Essex surrounding his home – now known as "Constable Country" – which he invested with an intensity of affection. "I should paint my own places best", he wrote to his friend John Fisher in 1821, "painting is but another word for feeling."
Constable's most famous paintings include Wivenhoe Park (1816), Dedham Vale (1828) and The Hay Wain (1821). Although his paintings are now among the most popular and valuable in British art, he was never financially successful. He was elected to the Royal Academy of Arts at the age of 52. His work was embraced in France, where he sold more than in his native England and inspired the Barbizon school.
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Influenced by
- Claude Lorraineditorial inference
Evidence
Explicit secondary-source assertion; independent historical verification remains pending.
- Annibale Carraccieditorial inference
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Explicit secondary-source assertion; independent historical verification remains pending.
- Thomas Gainsborougheditorial inference
Evidence
Explicit secondary-source assertion; independent historical verification remains pending.
- Jacob van Ruisdaeleditorial inference
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Explicit secondary-source assertion; independent historical verification remains pending.
- Peter Paul Rubenseditorial inference
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Explicit secondary-source assertion; independent historical verification remains pending.
Later influence
- Théodore Rousseaueditorial inference
Evidence
Wikidata assertion retained for review; its references, if supplied, have not been independently verified.
- Jules Dupréeditorial inference
Evidence
Explicit secondary-source assertion; independent historical verification remains pending.
- Théodore Géricaulteditorial inference
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Explicit secondary-source assertion; independent historical verification remains pending.
- Eugène Delacroixeditorial inference
Evidence
Explicit secondary-source assertion; independent historical verification remains pending.
- Alexander Helwig Wyanteditorial inference
Evidence
Explicit secondary-source assertion; independent historical verification remains pending.
- Alfred Sisleyeditorial inference
Evidence
Explicit secondary-source assertion; independent historical verification remains pending.
- Claude Moneteditorial inference
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Explicit secondary-source assertion; independent historical verification remains pending.
- Jean-Baptiste-Camille Coroteditorial inference
Evidence
Explicit secondary-source assertion; independent historical verification remains pending.
- Alfred William Richeditorial inference
Evidence
The cited biography explicitly attributes artistic influence or inspiration to the named painter(s); retained as a secondary-source assertion. Explicit secondary-source assertion; independent historical verification remains pending.
- Philip Wilson Steereditorial inference
Evidence
The biography identifies John Constable as an artistic influence on Philip Wilson Steer. The biography distinguishes Whistler's example from Steer's later old-master influences. Explicit secondary-source assertion; independent historical verification remains pending.
Artworks by year
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Museums & collections
Documented holdings of works attributed to John Constable. Check the museum’s record for current display information.
- Tate35 recorded works
- National Gallery of Art9 recorded works
- The Metropolitan Museum of Art8 recorded works
- Musée du Louvre5 recorded works
- musée Grobet-Labadié — Marseille4 recorded works
- The Cleveland Museum of Art4 recorded works
- Art Institute of Chicago3 recorded works
- Clark Art Institute3 recorded works
- Statens Museum for Kunst (SMK)3 recorded works
- Walters Art Museum3 recorded works
- Minneapolis Institute of Art2 recorded works
- MuMa - Musée d’art moderne André Malraux1 recorded work
- musée de Tessé — Le Mans1 recorded work
- musée Municipal — Bernay1 recorded work
- Royal Academy of Arts1 recorded work
Sources 12
- Wikidata (CC0)
- National Gallery of Art
- Museum authority country review
- Pantheon 2025 — Datawheel (CC BY-SA 4.0)
- Museum authority country review
- SMK: exact creator authority reconciliation
- Tate Collection metadata (October 2014 snapshot)
- Pantheon 2025 — Datawheel (CC BY-SA 4.0)
- Expanded artwork research — official museum evidence
- Pantheon 2025 — Datawheel (CC BY-SA 4.0)
- UK painters — source authorities and selected artwork research
- UK painters — source authorities and selected artwork research